Globally, excess abdominal fat which is characterised by an increasing waist circumference is strictly prohibited. Adipose tissue OR fat cells can be regarded as an endocrine organ directly contributing to cardiovascular risk which can definitely effects vascular, metabolic, inflammatory and other functional aspect of cardiovascular system.
There are several risks that can be reduced as below;
- High LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels
- Hypertension
- Elevated blood glucose
- Smoking
- Abdominal obesity
- Mortality
- Diabetes
- Lipids
- Blood pressure
Let’s took a glance of the risks factors again;
- Excess intra-abdominal fat (per high waist circumference) – Men more than 35.4 inches ; women – more than 31.4 inches
- Body Mass Index (BMI) – BMI = 27 to 30 is overweight, BMI > 30 is obese. For Asians,: BMI = 23 to 27 is overweight , BMI > 27 is obese.
- Low good cholesterol (HDL) - In men, les than 40 mg/dl (1.02 mmol/l); in women, less than 50 mg/dl (1.28 mmol/l)
- High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) - More than 100 mg/dl (>2.56 mmol/l)(prior or current heart disease/diabetes); (more than 130 mg/d(>3.3 mmol/l) (two or more risk factors); more than 160 mgdl(>4.10mmol/l) (zero to one risk factor)
- High triglycerides (TG) – A least 150 mg/dl (1.68 mmol/l)
- High blood sugar – Fasting glucose higher than 140/90 mm Hg (130/180 if diabetic)
In additional of the lists above, there are few risks that is considered as “non-modifiable” risk factors could hlp increase a person’s risk of developing a heart disease;
- A family history of heart disease (before 55 ears of age in a first-degree male relative (for e.g: father) or before 65 years of age in a first-degree female relative (for e.g:mother)
- Age (45 years of age or older for men and 55 years of age or older for women)
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